Which of the following does NOT constitute a common measure of dispersion?

A histogram is a graphical representation of data distribution rather than a measure of dispersion. It visually shows how data points are distributed across different ranges or bins, but it does not provide a numerical value or statistic that describes the spread or variability of the data. In contrast, other options like percentiles, the coefficient of variation, and standard deviation are quantifiable measures that specifically focus on the extent of dispersion or spread within a dataset.

Percentiles indicate the relative standing of a data point in relation to the rest of the data, showing how many values fall below a certain point. The coefficient of variation is a standardized measure of dispersion that expresses the standard deviation as a percentage of the mean, allowing for comparison across different datasets. Standard deviation quantifies the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values; a low standard deviation indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean, while a high standard deviation indicates that the values are spread out over a wider range. Each of these provides valuable insights into the variability within a dataset, unlike a histogram, which is more about data visualization than quantification of dispersion.